2014 Nationwide U.S. Masters Swimming Spring Nationals

Event Results

Real time results (by event)

Searchable results

Download results by LMSC (in text files for newsletters)

Results by age group:

Women's Results:
W18-24 | W25-29 | W30-34 | W35-39 | W40-44 | W45-49 | W50-54 | W55-59 | W60-64 | W65-69 | W70-74 | W75-79 | W80-84 | W85-89 | W90-94

Men's Results:
M18-24 | M25-29 | M30-34 | M35-39 | M40-44 | M45-49 | M50-54 | M55-59 | M60-64 | M65-69 | M70-74 | M75-79 | M80-84 | M85-89 | M90-94 | M95-99

Relay Results:
Women's Relays | Men's Relays | Mixed Relays



Men 80-84 Results

Men 80-84 50 Yard Freestyle Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):     29.25   4/10/2005  Piemme, Frank                
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Best, Bob                      81  SDSM      31.32       30.79     11.00
  2  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO      32.70       34.57      9.00
  3  Drobner, Sherwin               80  SFTL      35.93       35.59      8.00
  4  Stupfel, Norman E              81   WCM      34.63       35.79      7.00
  5  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM      38.50       38.72      6.00
  6  Fritz, Jack R                  81  ARIZ      40.86       39.32      5.00
  7  Galvin, Barry T                80   USF      42.00       41.13      4.00
  8  Conkey, Jim                    82   SNM      40.29       43.27      3.00
  9  Hathaway, Pierre               83   AAM      45.00       43.35      2.00
 10  Goldsmith, Harry S             84   AAM      44.00       44.50      1.00
 11  Knowles, Percy                 83  SWIF      48.42       48.52          

Men 80-84 50 Yard Freestyle from Split Requests
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):     29.25   4/10/2005  Piemme, Frank                
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
---  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO         NT       34.61          
---  Hathaway, Pierre               83   AAM         NT       35.44          
---  Stupfel, Norman E              81   WCM         NT       35.92          
---  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM         NT       40.30          

Men 80-84 100 Yard Freestyle Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   1:09.04   2/12/2005  Piemme, Frank M              
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Radcliff, David A              80  OREG    1:10.40     1:04.60N    11.00
                31.15     1:04.60(33.45)
  2  Mayo, Robert W                 80   WCM    1:24.31     1:18.85      9.00
                38.04     1:18.85(40.81)
  3  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO    1:18.00     1:19.21      8.00
                38.13     1:19.21(41.08)
  4  Drobner, Sherwin               80  SFTL    1:25.67     1:21.74      7.00
                39.11     1:21.74(42.63)
  5  Stupfel, Norman E              81   WCM    1:25.46     1:21.94      6.00
                38.03     1:21.94(43.91)
  6  Fritz, Jack R                  81  ARIZ    1:34.48     1:29.01      5.00
                42.72     1:29.01(46.29)
  7  Conkey, Jim                    82   SNM    1:34.25     1:35.18      4.00
                46.43     1:35.18(48.75)
  8  Hathaway, Pierre               83   AAM    1:43.00     1:38.20      3.00
                47.13     1:38.20(51.07)
  9  Goldsmith, Harry S             84   AAM    1:40.00     1:44.59      2.00
                51.69     1:44.59(52.90)
 10  Knowles, Percy                 83  SWIF    1:48.58     1:51.62      1.00
                54.37     1:51.62(57.25)
---  Beach, Robert E                83   SPM    1:45.00          NS          
---  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM    1:38.00          NS          

Men 80-84 200 Yard Freestyle Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   2:33.31   6/28/2011  Johnston, Graham M           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Radcliff, David A              80  OREG    2:22.36     2:26.59N    11.00
                34.52     1:11.92(37.40)    1:48.94(37.02)    2:26.59(37.65)
  2  Mayo, Robert W                 80   WCM    3:12.00     3:03.23      9.00
                41.08     1:28.05(46.97)    2:16.71(48.66)    3:03.23(46.52)
  3  Drobner, Sherwin               80  SFTL    3:22.60     3:11.44      8.00
                44.98     1:34.90(49.92)    2:25.99(51.09)    3:11.44(45.45)
  4  Beach, Robert E                83   SPM    3:30.00     3:11.65      7.00
                44.55     1:32.74(48.19)    2:24.16(51.42)    3:11.65(47.49)
  5  Fritz, Jack R                  81  ARIZ    3:23.55     3:29.15      6.00
                46.81     1:39.14(52.33)    2:35.24(56.10)    3:29.15(53.91)
  6  Goldsmith, Harry S             84   AAM    3:59.00     4:04.07      5.00
                58.52   2:01.60(1:03.08)  3:05.21(1:03.61)    4:04.07(58.86)
---  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM    2:42.00          NS          

Men 80-84 500 Yard Freestyle Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   6:53.87   3/24/2013  Jones, Burwell               
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Radcliff, David A              80  OREG    6:20.46     6:37.72N    11.00
                35.39     1:14.35(38.96)    1:54.21(39.86)    2:34.18(39.97)
        3:14.30(40.12)    3:54.25(39.95)    4:35.34(41.09)    5:16.58(41.24)
        5:57.52(40.94)    6:37.72(40.20)
  2  Mayo, Robert W                 80   WCM    8:50.00     8:07.83      9.00
                45.22     1:35.28(50.06)    2:26.98(51.70)    3:17.80(50.82)
        4:07.87(50.07)    4:57.52(49.65)    5:46.73(49.21)    6:34.92(48.19)
        7:22.21(47.29)    8:07.83(45.62)
  3  Beach, Robert E                83   SPM    9:15.00     8:26.84      8.00
                45.88     1:34.77(48.89)    2:26.45(51.68)    3:17.79(51.34)
        4:09.33(51.54)    5:00.74(51.41)    5:53.03(52.29)    6:44.59(51.56)
        7:36.02(51.43)    8:26.84(50.82)
  4  Mullins, Stephen M             81    IM    9:30.00     9:06.96      7.00
                47.51     1:41.74(54.23)    2:38.07(56.33)    3:34.86(56.79)
        4:30.70(55.84)    5:26.18(55.48)    6:20.39(54.21)    7:15.83(55.44)
        8:11.29(55.46)    9:06.96(55.67)
  5  Conkey, Jim                    82   SNM    9:34.15     9:50.90      6.00
                51.89     1:50.10(58.21)  2:51.58(1:01.48)  3:53.87(1:02.29)
      4:55.69(1:01.82)    5:55.55(59.86)  6:56.25(1:00.70)  7:56.67(1:00.42)
        8:56.38(59.71)    9:50.90(54.52)
  6  Grohe, William E               80   USF    9:59.18    10:15.18      5.00
                50.68     1:48.19(57.51)  2:51.79(1:03.60)  3:55.79(1:04.00)
      5:00.86(1:05.07)  6:06.66(1:05.80)  7:10.78(1:04.12)  8:12.11(1:01.33)
      9:13.37(1:01.26) 10:15.18(1:01.81)

Men 80-84 1000 Yard Freestyle Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):  14:24.73   4/11/2013  Jones, Burwell               
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Mayo, Robert W                 80   WCM   18:30.00    16:34.22     11.00
                45.82     1:37.27(51.45)    2:29.86(52.59)    3:22.20(52.34)
        4:13.71(51.51)    5:04.29(50.58)    5:54.68(50.39)    6:44.98(50.30)
        7:35.64(50.66)    8:25.81(50.17)    9:15.80(49.99)   10:05.93(50.13)
       10:55.90(49.97)   11:45.50(49.60)   12:34.92(49.42)   13:24.45(49.53)
       14:13.26(48.81)   15:01.82(48.56)   15:50.09(48.27)   16:34.22(44.13)
  2  Conkey, Jim                    82   SNM   19:26.10    19:35.95      9.00
                51.88     1:48.65(56.77)    2:47.64(58.99)    3:47.48(59.84)
      4:48.59(1:01.11)  5:49.29(1:00.70)    6:48.99(59.70)    7:48.40(59.41)
      8:48.45(1:00.05)    9:47.98(59.53) 10:48.57(1:00.59)   11:47.91(59.34)
       12:47.27(59.36)   13:46.97(59.70)   14:44.92(57.95)   15:44.75(59.83)
     16:45.15(1:00.40)   17:44.77(59.62)   18:44.30(59.53)   19:35.95(51.65)
  3  Fritz, Jack R                  81  ARIZ   21:17.20    20:06.90      8.00
                53.46     1:50.72(57.26)  2:51.44(1:00.72)  3:54.03(1:02.59)
      4:59.52(1:05.49)  6:02.69(1:03.17)  7:04.05(1:01.36)  8:04.90(1:00.85)
      9:07.60(1:02.70) 10:07.75(1:00.15) 11:10.07(1:02.32) 12:13.08(1:03.01)
     13:14.92(1:01.84)   14:14.60(59.68) 15:15.61(1:01.01)   16:15.00(59.39)
       17:13.15(58.15) 18:14.11(1:00.96)   19:13.04(58.93)   20:06.90(53.86)

Men 80-84 1650 Yard Freestyle Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):  24:12.69   4/10/2014  Jones, Burwell               
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Radcliff, David A              80  OREG   21:34.85    21:54.87N    11.00
                36.34     1:14.42(38.08)    1:52.68(38.26)    2:30.66(37.98)
        3:10.93(40.27)    3:50.22(39.29)    4:29.63(39.41)    5:09.24(39.61)
        5:48.83(39.59)    6:27.81(38.98)    7:09.08(41.27)    7:49.22(40.14)
        8:29.34(40.12)    9:09.51(40.17)    9:49.90(40.39)   10:30.12(40.22)
       11:10.20(40.08)   11:50.53(40.33)   12:30.94(40.41)   13:10.14(39.20)
       13:51.47(41.33)   14:31.43(39.96)   15:10.99(39.56)   15:51.66(40.67)
       16:32.60(40.94)   17:13.76(41.16)   17:54.38(40.62)   18:35.37(40.99)
       19:15.92(40.55)   19:57.20(41.28)   20:37.20(40.00)   21:16.37(39.17)
       21:54.87(38.50)
  2  Beach, Robert E                83   SPM   30:30.00    30:00.12      9.00
                50.11     1:42.59(52.48)    2:35.99(53.40)    3:29.01(53.02)
        4:22.84(53.83)    5:16.73(53.89)    6:09.93(53.20)    7:03.88(53.95)
        7:57.54(53.66)    8:51.50(53.96)    9:46.11(54.61)   10:40.70(54.59)
       11:35.50(54.80)   12:30.88(55.38)   13:24.89(54.01)   14:19.70(54.81)
       15:14.65(54.95)   16:09.33(54.68)   17:04.97(55.64)   17:59.81(54.84)
       18:54.38(54.57)   19:48.92(54.54)   20:44.84(55.92)   21:41.16(56.32)
       22:37.26(56.10)   23:33.15(55.89)   24:28.92(55.77)   25:24.17(55.25)
       26:19.47(55.30)   27:14.60(55.13)   28:10.30(55.70)   29:06.31(56.01)
       30:00.12(53.81)
  3  Mullins, Stephen M             81    IM   31:30.00    31:23.95      8.00
                47.42     1:41.28(53.86)    2:37.45(56.17)    3:33.10(55.65)
        4:30.50(57.40)    5:27.47(56.97)    6:25.10(57.63)    7:22.71(57.61)
        8:20.17(57.46)    9:17.46(57.29)   10:15.43(57.97)   11:13.25(57.82)
       12:10.58(57.33)   13:07.90(57.32)   14:05.73(57.83)   15:03.19(57.46)
       16:00.58(57.39)   16:58.41(57.83)   17:56.45(58.04)   18:53.83(57.38)
       19:51.88(58.05)   20:49.68(57.80)   21:48.49(58.81)   22:46.85(58.36)
       23:44.99(58.14)   24:43.30(58.31)   25:40.64(57.34)   26:38.31(57.67)
       27:36.24(57.93)   28:34.08(57.84)   29:31.24(57.16)   30:27.89(56.65)
       31:23.95(56.06)
  4  Grohe, William E               80   USF   34:08.42    34:22.29      7.00
                50.67     1:48.88(58.21)  2:53.94(1:05.06)  4:00.34(1:06.40)
      5:06.31(1:05.97)  6:11.71(1:05.40)  7:17.05(1:05.34)  8:22.56(1:05.51)
      9:27.03(1:04.47) 10:32.48(1:05.45) 11:37.53(1:05.05) 12:43.36(1:05.83)
     13:49.08(1:05.72) 14:55.25(1:06.17) 16:00.93(1:05.68) 17:06.64(1:05.71)
     18:12.25(1:05.61) 19:17.23(1:04.98) 20:23.41(1:06.18) 21:28.58(1:05.17)
     22:34.08(1:05.50) 23:34.79(1:00.71) 24:40.82(1:06.03) 25:46.64(1:05.82)
     26:53.00(1:06.36) 27:58.68(1:05.68) 29:01.98(1:03.30) 30:05.72(1:03.74)
     31:10.62(1:04.90) 32:15.66(1:05.04) 33:21.67(1:06.01)                  
     34:22.29(1:00.62)

Men 80-84 50 Yard Backstroke Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):     34.56   5/10/2013  Mitchell, Clarke E           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM      40.00       41.70     11.00
  2  McConnell, Stan                82  UC33      47.00       47.30      9.00
  3  Hathaway, Pierre               83   AAM      54.00       48.39      8.00
  4  Danielson, Bob D               84   USF      55.20       53.15      7.00
---  Conkey, Jim                    82   SNM      48.22          DQ          

Men 80-84 50 Yard Backstroke from Split Requests
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):     34.56   5/10/2013  Mitchell, Clarke E           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
---  Hathaway, Pierre               83   AAM         NT       52.89          

Men 80-84 100 Yard Backstroke Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   1:18.31   5/12/2013  Mitchell, Clarke E           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Mayo, Robert W                 80   WCM    1:39.99     1:35.10     11.00
                46.19     1:35.10(48.91)
  2  McConnell, Stan                82  UC33    1:51.00     1:47.24      9.00
                52.10     1:47.24(55.14)
  3  Beach, Robert E                83   SPM    2:15.00     1:50.51      8.00
                54.80     1:50.51(55.71)
  4  Hathaway, Pierre               83   AAM    1:53.00     1:51.55      7.00
                53.79     1:51.55(57.76)
---  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM    1:42.00          NS          

Men 80-84 200 Yard Backstroke Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   2:48.59   3/23/2013  Jones, Burwell               
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Mayo, Robert W                 80   WCM    4:02.00     3:26.22     11.00
                48.69     1:40.39(51.70)    2:34.46(54.07)    3:26.22(51.76)
  2  Mullins, Stephen M             81    IM    3:55.00     3:56.23      9.00
                54.29     1:52.84(58.55)  2:55.39(1:02.55)  3:56.23(1:00.84)
  3  Beach, Robert E                83   SPM    4:15.00     4:05.32      8.00
                55.53   1:55.81(1:00.28)  3:00.65(1:04.84)  4:05.32(1:04.67)
---  McConnell, Stan                82  UC33    4:00.00          DQ          
                54.14     1:52.40(58.26)  2:55.08(1:02.68)                  
---  Brown, Donald L                80   WCM    3:05.00          DQ          
                45.27                     2:24.72(1:39.45)                  

Men 80-84 50 Yard Breaststroke Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):     39.22   3/24/2013  Best, Bob                    
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Best, Bob                      81  SDSM      41.61       39.67     11.00
  2  Jones, Ashley O                82   AAM      42.30       42.90      9.00
  3  Stupfel, Norman E              81   WCM      45.70       43.39      8.00
  4  Knowles, Percy                 83  SWIF      53.92       53.89      7.00
  5  Fritz, Jack R                  81  ARIZ      56.72       59.50      6.00
---  Jelinek, Don P                 80    MM      59.47          DQ          

Men 80-84 100 Yard Breaststroke Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   1:30.70   4/19/2009  MacDonald, Robert C          
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Best, Bob                      81  SDSM    1:33.05     1:30.27N    11.00
                41.83     1:30.27(48.44)
  2  Jones, Ashley O                82   AAM    1:39.50     1:36.56      9.00
                46.07     1:36.56(50.49)
  3  Stupfel, Norman E              81   WCM    1:45.04     1:39.92      8.00
                49.25     1:39.92(50.67)
  4  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO    1:41.80     1:43.61      7.00
                48.52     1:43.61(55.09)
  5  Drobner, Sherwin               80  SFTL    1:50.00     2:00.06      6.00
                56.79   2:00.06(1:03.27)
  6  Galvin, Barry T                80   USF    1:59.50     2:01.91      5.00
                54.68   2:01.91(1:07.23)
  7  Knowles, Percy                 83  SWIF    2:00.36     2:05.39      4.00
                59.82   2:05.39(1:05.57)
  8  Jelinek, Don P                 80    MM    2:22.92     2:22.93      3.00
              1:09.53   2:22.93(1:13.40)

Men 80-84 200 Yard Breaststroke Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   3:19.33   4/19/2009  MacDonald, Robert C          
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Best, Bob                      81  SDSM    3:32.27     3:33.25     11.00
                45.88     1:39.68(53.80)    2:36.46(56.78)    3:33.25(56.79)
  2  Jones, Ashley O                82   AAM    3:48.30     3:35.73      9.00
                47.67     1:43.20(55.53)    2:40.43(57.23)    3:35.73(55.30)
  3  Stupfel, Norman E              81   WCM    3:51.95     3:53.75      8.00
                49.37     1:47.83(58.46)  2:49.79(1:01.96)  3:53.75(1:03.96)
  4  Mitchell, Tom                  81  SDSM    3:56.96     4:10.09      7.00
                55.45   2:00.21(1:04.76)  3:07.18(1:06.97)  4:10.09(1:02.91)
  5  Knowles, Percy                 83  SWIF    4:25.45     4:26.30      6.00
                58.83   2:07.67(1:08.84)  3:18.03(1:10.36)  4:26.30(1:08.27)
  6  Jelinek, Don P                 80    MM    5:22.77     5:14.28      5.00
              1:14.03   2:36.50(1:22.47)  3:57.39(1:20.89)  5:14.28(1:16.89)

Men 80-84 50 Yard Butterfly Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):     33.73   5/11/2013  Mitchell, Clarke E           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Jones, Ashley O                82   AAM      39.60       40.38     11.00
  2  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO      48.40       50.58      9.00
  3  Mitchell, Tom                  81  SDSM      52.50       52.15      8.00
  4  Fritz, Jack R                  81  ARIZ      54.44     1:07.71      7.00

Men 80-84 100 Yard Butterfly Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   1:28.50    4/6/2013  Mitchell, Clarke E           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Mitchell, Tom                  81  SDSM    2:02.20     2:13.01     11.00
                58.20   2:13.01(1:14.81)

Men 80-84 200 Yard Butterfly Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   3:25.55   4/23/2006  Maine, Thomas O              
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO    4:25.20     4:41.66     11.00
                56.89   2:10.62(1:13.73)  3:27.11(1:16.49)  4:41.66(1:14.55)
---  Grohe, William E               80   USF    6:14.55          DQ          
              1:31.02   3:37.16(2:06.14)  5:58.10(2:20.94)  7:55.34(1:57.24)

Men 80-84 100 Yard Individual Medley Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   1:19.72    4/6/2013  Mitchell, Clarke E           
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Best, Bob                      81  SDSM    1:23.34     1:24.03     11.00
                40.25     1:24.03(43.78)
  2  Jones, Ashley O                82   AAM    1:30.50     1:32.77      9.00
                43.53     1:32.77(49.24)
  3  Sulzbach, John F               80  MELO    1:36.10     1:36.29      8.00
                46.97     1:36.29(49.32)
  4  Mitchell, Tom                  81  SDSM    1:44.24     1:45.65      7.00
                52.37     1:45.65(53.28)
  5  Drobner, Sherwin               80  SFTL    1:59.00     1:48.01      6.00
                54.43     1:48.01(53.58)
  6  Grohe, William E               80   USF    2:07.40     2:19.90      5.00
              1:04.94   2:19.90(1:14.96)
---  Danielson, Bob D               84   USF    1:59.20          NS          

Men 80-84 200 Yard Individual Medley Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   3:06.65   3/24/2013  Jones, Burwell               
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Best, Bob                      81  SDSM    3:11.60     3:16.71     11.00
                44.26     1:34.39(50.13)    2:30.80(56.41)    3:16.71(45.91)
  2  Jones, Ashley O                82   AAM    3:23.10     3:31.15      9.00
                43.82     1:41.66(57.84)  2:42.45(1:00.79)    3:31.15(48.70)
  3  Mitchell, Tom                  81  SDSM    3:53.62     3:55.54      8.00
                55.84   1:56.46(1:00.62)  3:04.32(1:07.86)    3:55.54(51.22)
  4  Grohe, William E               80   USF    4:54.74     5:07.08      7.00
              1:16.93   2:31.31(1:14.38)  4:06.52(1:35.21)  5:07.08(1:00.56)

Men 80-84 400 Yard Individual Medley Finals
=========================================================================== 
     USMS Record (N):   6:45.91   3/23/2013  Jones, Burwell               
 Pl  Name                          Age  Club  Seed Time  Final Time  Points 
=========================================================================== 
  1  Mitchell, Tom                  81  SDSM    8:15.99     8:37.61     11.00
                58.92   2:11.36(1:12.44)  3:21.53(1:10.17)  4:35.02(1:13.49)
      5:45.10(1:10.08)  6:49.42(1:04.32)    7:44.92(55.50)    8:37.61(52.69)
  2  Grohe, William E               80   USF   10:47.54    11:05.71      9.00
              1:20.51   3:12.52(1:52.01)  4:38.42(1:25.90)  6:02.17(1:23.75)
      7:36.07(1:33.90)  9:06.62(1:30.55)   10:06.59(59.97)   11:05.71(59.12)