Starts & Turns Articles
The USMS website provides articles pertaining to swim training and technique, sports medicine, health, and nutrition information. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional or medical advice. It is not intended to provide medical advice on personal health matters. For personal medical advice, consult your health care provider. All information contained in the Articles section of the USMS web site is the opinion of the author of that information. It does not represent an official view or opinion of USMS. USMS does not guarantee the accuracy of the information or its applicability to any particular individual's condition.

These articles are not intended to be a substitute for medical care. If you are concerned about a particular medical condition or injury, please see your health care provider for evaluation and care.

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January 23, 1998
The Complete New Breaststroke Turn
By Wayne McCauley

New rule changes for breaststroke and butterfly effective March 8th 1998, bring big changes to how we do our turns. The turn for butterfly is exactly the same as breaststroke.



January 23, 1998
The Breaststroke Turn for 1998
By Wayne McCauley

Discussing changes for Breaststroke Turns.



September 23, 1993
The Backstroke Start
By Clay Britt

Former NCAA champion and American record holder Clay Britt provides insight into the proper way to do a backstroke start.



June 1, 1993
The Breaststroke Turn
By John Moffet

Former NCAA champion, Olympic team member, and world record holder John Moffet provides tips on the breaststroke turn.



May 1, 1993
The Butterfly Finish
By Dan Thompson

Coach Thompson discusses the timing and technique involved in an effective butterfly finish.



April 23, 1993
Freestyle Relay Starts
By Rowdy Gaines

Former NCAA champion and Olympic gold medalist Rowdy Gaines provides tips on training for and executing fast relay exchanges.



March 1, 1993
The Starting Block - The Finish
By Wayne McCauley

Wayne continues with tips on how to focus on a strong finish for your race.



February 1, 1993
The Breaststroke Pull Out Technique: How to Optimize Performance
By Bud Termin and David Pendergast

Competitive swimmers and coaches are always searching for ways to optimize performance.



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